Charles Tiot Judkins

...The man to whom is due the credit of introducing the first practical sewing machine into England, and with that first of necessaries a practical feed motion, was not Elias Howe and was not William Thomas but was Charles Tiot Judkins, an American located in Manchester who was the proprietor of the patent taken out by Edward Joseph Hughes, August 10, 1852, and which included in its specification the machines known in America as the Grover & Baker and the Singer Manufacturing or No. 2 machine. To the former was given the name of the " Lancashire " and it is known by it to this day. He employed to build it a young firm of mechanics at Oldham, Messrs. Sugden, Bradbury and Firth  and they, when their principal failed in 1854, brought the Lancashire machine to Mr. Wilson for investment or sale. Mr. Wilson took them by the hand and took up the machines, purchasing licenses and several of Mr. Judkins' patents.

The cuteness and we may add, the trickery of a Yankee alone prevented him from becoming the proprietor of certainly the most valuable of all the sewing machine patents, we mean in the sense of practical worth.

The Wm. Thomas or Howe patent of 1846 was in a state of coma till this appeared and it was this which first suggested to W. F. Thomas the idea of the machine which bears his name and which took from the Hughes or Judkins' machine its most important features, viz., the four motion feed, the four feed motion or the drop feed, as it is variously termed.

This patent became by purchase the property of the Grover & Baker Machine Company. Taking hold, then, of the Lancashire machine, Mr. Wilson began to work it and placed the first sewing machine traveller on the road in England...

William Newton Wilson (Jan. 1892)

see also

ismacs.net/judkins

********************** 1848 ************************

FROM MOREY'S PATENT TO CRYSTAL PALACE EXHIBITION

needle & hook, one threads, chain stitch sewing machine

Although the patent was not granted until February 6, 1849, the application had been filed in April 1848.

needle & hook, one threads, chain stitch sewing machine

QUESTION:

How Mr. Wm Thomas was in possession of a british patent exactly to the one Morey just filed at the American Patent Office in April same year (1848)? 

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QUESTION:

At the time that Charles Morey filed his british patent in 1849, he was residing in Manchester, as well as Mr. Judkins. Was this a coincidence or the two americans came to England together?

********************** 1851 ************************

The below picture shows the type of machine first made by Bradbury & Sugden, the founders of Bradbury & Co., Limited. The machine was constructed in Oldham in 1849, patented in the following year and exhibited at the Crystal Palace Exhibition of 1851.  

from:   Sewing Machine Gazette (1893)

needle & shuttle, lock stitch sewing machine

JUDKINS’ HEALD MACHINE

Mr. Judkins, the inventor and patentee of this useful machine, formerly lived at Sowell, Massachusetts, U.S.A., but has now taken up his residence at Manchester, in which important town his machine will no doubt be duly appreciated.

By this machine, the yarn is doubled and twisted from single of itself and at certain intervals is braided or plaited, so that the eye or loop of the heddle is formed without knots of any description, the whole forming one continuous line or cord. The cut represents a set of healds, as made by this machine, with the eye or loop complete; this eye is coated by means of a metallic substance, which forms also a novelty in the invention. The bed-plate is placed horizontally between the ends of the light iron frame; on each side of the bed-plate and let in flush with its upper surface, are ten revolving tables, each table hairing six slots, the use of which is to receive the spindles carrying the flyers and bobbins. The tables work together in pairs and each carries three spindles, which are so set in relation to each other, that each spindle, at proper intervals, comes opposite to the vacant slot in the other table. After being twisted the yarn is taken up from the bobbins, after undergoing the process of twisting so to be converted into a heddle, by two cylinders, one on either side of the machine. The working shaft of the machine is connected with the revolving tables by means of bevelled wheels working underneath the bed-plate. The machine acts as a doubling and twisting machine, except at the time when the eye or loop of the heddle is formed, when at the top and bottom of each loop it becomes a braiding machine. The bobbins, during the operation, pass from one table to another throughout the whole series in a most ingenious manner. In order to show the advantage of this machine over the ordinary mode of making healds, it is only necessary to state that from 25 to 30 sets may be produced by it in one working day, with the attendance of one girl, who, by hand, could only make a single set in the same time.

GB 13.712 (7th August 1851)  ?

A grant unto Robert Hyde Greg, of Manchester, in the county of Lancaster, manufacturer and merchant and David Bowlas, of Reddish, in the county of Lancaster, manufacturer, for " Certain improvements in machinery or apparatus for manufacturing weavers healds or harness"; a communication; 6 months. 

QUESTIONS:

Why Mr. Wm Thomas did not exhibit the Howe's sewing machine at the London Exhibition in 1851? 

How could Mr. Judkins build a machine based on Thomas' two patents and get away with it?

The Americans have landed in England

In July 1852 Judkins' sewing machines (according to what stated by him) were introduced and put to practical work under his patent which was taken out for England, Ireland and Scotland and these machines were being successfully used in some of the largest clothing, staymaking, furniture and sack making establishments in London. 

The Hughes' patent was probably a license obtained by the Lancashire S.M. Co. from Grover, Baker & Co. and Singer Manufacturing Co..

The Bellford's patent is an evident W&W sewing machine.

Newton's Specification must be a Grover, Baker & Co. sewing machine with the improved vertical or up and down motion feeding.

The Singer Manufacturing & Co. may have opted for a different strategy. 

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October  6, 1852     Auguste Edouard Loradoux Bellford     GB 251-1852

(Wheeler & Wilson Co.)

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October  16, 1852            Charles Tiot Judkins                    GB 413-1852 

* Three legs, needle & shuttle, two threads, vertical or up and down motion         feeding lock stitch sewing machine.

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QUESTION:

Was Mr. Hyden the proprietor of the british patent 14.256 filed in Hughes name in August 10, 1852 that eventually Mr. Judkins became proprietor ?

***********************1853*************************

THE SEWING MACHINE

There is now being exhibited in the Dublin Exhibition a sewing machine, which promises in coarser kinds of work to soon supersede this branch of labor, now giving employment to large numbers of both sexes. This new application of mechanical ingenuity was first introduced into this countries in 1846, when a patent was obtained for the invention which we derive from the other side of the Atlantic; but this first attempt was found to be too complicated for ordinary use.

Several modifications were subsequently made, until, in 1851, the Lancashire Sewing Machine Company was formed and short as is the time since the first patent was taken out, we are informed that so rapidly have subsequent improvements been made that the company just named has thirteen patents, the machine in the Exhibition being founded on several of these patents. It is certainly efficient in its operations and not likely to get out of order. In using the sewing machine, the cloth to be sown is cut and basted as if for ordinary hand sewing. It is then placed in a moveable champ under the needle and as the needle passes through the cloth and returns having made a stitch, the cloth is moved forward a given distance, corresponding with the desired length of a stitch. The needle is firmly fixed in a portion of the machine that moves up and down to make the stitches and it is provided with a groove on each side which the thread occupies, the eye being removed but a small distance from the point. The grooves secure the thread from being chafed or worn, as is the case with ordinary hand-sewing. The portion of the thread passed through the cloth is only sufficient to make the stitch. There is a small shuttle working horizontally below the cloth, in connection with the upright needle and thread and after the needle passes through the cloth it rises sufficiently to allow the shuttle to pass freely through the loop thus formed and made above the eye, after which the needle is withdrawn, catching the thread from the shuttle and drawing it into the centre of the cloth. The two threads stand in the relation to each other of the links of a chain, in the centre of the cloth, while both sides present a similar appearance, the seam being like that of a saddler or shoe maker. The tension on each stitch is equal, the thread is not chafed and consequently the sewing is in every respect equal if not superior to that performed by hand. By a simple contrivance the amount of tension may be regulated at pleasure, that is, the threads may be pulled firmly or slightly as desired. That irregularity in sewing, proceeding from the stitches not being placed in the same right line and which is so objectionable both as regards the strength and appearance of the seam when stretched, is entirely avoided by machine sewing, a circumstance which in itself is a most important advantage. The machine may be worked by the hand (a handle being turned around), or a band may be used wherever there is machinery in motion. It requires only a space of about three square feet to stand on and it may easily be carried about by one hand. The amount of work performed will depend on the speed at which it is driven and hence may vary from 500 to 1.000 stitches per minute, from which data the powers of the machine may be easily estimated. The Sewing Machine is, in fact, one of the triumphs of the age and the excellence of its work is not more to be admired than its extreme simplicity when examined. It is, consequently, but little liable to go out of order and is besides constructed on the antifriction principle. In one or two days an intelligent attendant can be taught to work it and when set at work, the only attention required is to look after the direction of the seam.

The Machine in the Exhibition is exhibited by Mr Spackman, of Belfast and it is worked by Mr Hayden, one of the proprietors of the Lancashire Company. The sewing machine may be effectively used for all ordinary needlework. It will make up an entire garment with the exception of sewing on the buttons and working the button holes. It will get through the work with equal facility whether the material be light or heavy; hence we may conclude that its application, in the first instance, will be to the coarser description of work, which is at all times difficult to execute by hand labour. Stitching of corsets, making up of sacks and carpets, sewing vamps of boots and shoes, may, for example, be done by the machine quite as well as by the hand. The stitches, moreover, will be of a uniform length and the tension of the thread on each part will be constant, which is not always the case in sewing by hand. It is immaterial whether the seam be in a right line or curved, as the attendant has the direction of this completely  under his own control. 

Kings County Chronicle - Wednesday 17 August 1853

In January 1853 Mr. W. Spackman of Belfast, introduced  a sewing machines into England and it is worked by D.W. Hayden of the United States of America, one of the proprietors of The Lancashire Sewing Machine Company.

In April 27, 1853, William Frederick Thomas took out a patent (GB1.026/1853). Mr. W. F. Thomas, son of Mr. William Thomas, the owner of the Howe Patent and a man of great ingenuity, saw the means of applying this motion in another and a very different manner to an equally new and distinct form of the sewing machine.

In May 1853 Mr. W. Spackman exhibited the sewing machine at the Irish Industrial Exhibition. (Singer or Singer system)

The agents Messrs. Nicholl (Nicoll), the extensive clothiers of Regent Street, exhibited ( the last day of the Dublin Exhibition) to Her Majesty and Prince coats entirely completed by the sewing machine ( the buttons and buttons-holes alone excepted). (Grover, Baker & Co.)

By June 1853, Mr. William Darling of 94 South Bridge Street, Edinburgh, was appointed by the Patentees to sell their sewing machines in Scotland. (Grover, Baker & Co.)

In July and August 1853, The LANCASHIRE SEWING MACHINE was exhibited in use and explained daily at the ROYAL POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTION.

From September 20, 1853, The Lancashire Sewing Machine Company are supplying the Public with their Patent Sewing Machines. Charles T. Judkins Agent for the Company. 

QUESTION:

What relation between Mr. Spackman of Belfast, Messrs. Nicoll of Regent Street, Mr. Hayden of the United States of America and Mr. Judkins an American located in Manchester.

***********************1854*************************

THE SEWING OR STITCHING MACHINE

At the meeting of the Society of Arts, on Wednesday night, Mr. Winckworth presiding, Mr. Judkin presented, through Mr. Stocqueler, the following paper on this machine:

"In submitting to the Society of Arts a specimen of a machine which enjoys an almost unparalleled degree of patronage in Great Britain and America, among those manufacturers for the execution of whose work it is especially intended, I derive a high degree of satisfaction from the reflection, that few inventions have wrought so little injury to the interest of the labourers in the department into which it enters as a competitor. To say that a machine does not supersede a certain amount of human handicraft by an enhanced celerity and increase of production, would be tantamount to registering the usefulness of the invention and offering a puzzling anomaly for solution. All machines must, more or less, interfere with the artisan on their first appearance in the labour market, for the simple reason, that they rival his occupation and cast him upon other resources, before they have sufficiently multiplied production to make him a participator of the cheapness of which they are the authors.

''But such inventions as at once provide to a great extent new channels of employment and transfer the labourer from a task destructive of his constitution, to one which is promotive of health, must come into the category of public blessing, instead of being resisted as a foe and a mischievous intruder; the evil, if any, in the present instance, is immensely counterbalanced by the vast benefit in the future and this is the position claimed for the sewing machine.

Were the invention now before you entirely British, it would find its prompt excuse and justification in the deleterious vocation of the needlewoman. For years past, public sympathy has been awakened in behalf of a class, the fruits of whose industry have borne so frightfully inadequate a proportion to their toil and necessities; the voice of the philanthropist, the masculine denunciation of the public organs, the pitiful wail of the inspired poet, the earnest combination of the charitable gentlewomen, alive to the privations and struggles of the poor semptresses, have all conspired, but alas, with slight effect, to mitigate the sufferings generated by the pursuit of a calling, in which the maximum of labour realises but the minimum of reward.

Emigration has rescued a few from the miseries of their position and the extension of the fields of employment for females has led to the adoption by others of professions of a less prejudicial character than that of the dress-maker; but as long as there is a demand for needlework and that demand can be supplied by human hands, there will be numerous disciples of the trade, because it is learnt with ease and can be followed at an early period of life;

its ultimate effect upon the eyes, the influence of the position it necessitates upon the human form, the consequences to the lungs and the general health, of the confinement in crowded rooms or small and close apartments which must be the portion of the sempstress, all are forgotten in the pressure of the moment and the eager desire to eat the bread of industry. Hundreds of thousands at this moment toil in unwholesome localities at a pernicious avocation for many hours a-day, for wages that barely tend to hold life and soul together, neglecting, in the ardour stimulated by want, the adoption of pursuits of a more profitable and health-promoting character.

In this view and who shall say that it is false or exaggerated ? The sewing machine is calculated to prove an incalculable blessing to the needle-players in Great Britain, for it must ultimately supersede their devastating profession. But the sewing machine is an American invention. Machinery is the grand necessity of the United States, for population has not augmented to a point which renders the number of needlewomen adequate to the demand upon their industry. America almost denudes Germany of her sempstresses and still production falls infinitely short of her requirements. She is thus compelled to employ steel and iron to do the work of humanity, for what is machinery but a mimicry of the physical faculties, multiplied to an almost indefinite extent ?

And perhaps there is hardly an instance on record of a more simple application of that principle than the sewing machine presents. It can do the work of between 30 and 40 hands ; it can accomplish 500 stitches in one minute.

An example of its great rapidity of motion may here be quoted :  The Messrs. Nicoll, of Regent Street, whom it will be afterwards shown, have been the chief introducers of the sewing machine for practical use in England, were directed to exhibit the machine and specimens of its productions, to the royal family of Belgium, when recently staying at Windsor Castle and not having a specimen completed that they deemed to be worthy of the occasion, one or two machines were set in motion and that which was but shapeless cloth was, within four hours from the receipt of the command, on the road to Windsor in the form of a travelling wrapper, containing a greater number of stitches than one operative could in the old manner bare produced in three weeks.

I do not wish it to be supposed that I demand credit for originality in the present work. To have improved upon the ideas of others, to have overcome difficulties which to them appeared insuperable, to have discovered the vital defect of all previous attempts and to have finally brought the machine into practical and profitable operation, forms the foundation of my claim to your attention. The first attempt at stitching by machinery was made by Mr. Elias Howe, of Boston, in the United States. He conceived the principle of a stitch made by two threads, worked by means of one needle and a shuttle; but, after the expenditure of a great deal of money, it proved an utter failure, for want of practical mechanical means for working the needle and shuttle. This was in the early part of the year 1846. From that time until 1851 numerous attempts were made to remedy the deficiency,  attempts as honourable to the ingenuity of their authors as they were unfortunate in their results. Collecting specimens of these inventions, I proceeded to examine in what respect they failed to fulfil the necessary conditions and, detecting their deficiency, at length contrived to produce a practicable working machine  and offered it to the public. My exultation received an immediate check. The machine was alleged to be an infringement upon the invention of Mr. Howe, inasmuch as his machine consisted in the application of a shuttle in combination with a needle, for the purpose of sewing and stitching and I was advised that it could not be brought into practice until the expiry of his patent.

Thus the law which was passed to protect for a time the monopoly of an inventor, became in this instance a clog to improvement. It rejected a desideratum to conserve a nullity. Baffled in this instance, I now determined upon carrying out a plan for stitching upon quite a different principle, doing away with the shuttle entirely and forming altogether a different stitch.

Aided by the advice and suggestions of eight or nine American gentlemen, I was enabled to give substantial operation to this new invention and that I might not again encounter the opposition offered on patent grounds in America, I brought it over to England. The favour with which it was received led to the foundation of a company, under the designation of the  Lancashire Sewing Machine Company. The progress of the invention was, however, slow and tedious; it suffered from a certain amount of interference with labour, excited jealousy and apprehension and manufacturers dreaded to experimentalise with what might raise a rebellion in their establishment, without giving them a corresponding advantage. At length the matter was taken up by the enterprising and prosperous firm of Messrs. Nicoll, the clothiers already alluded to and the practical uses of the machine are now almost universally recognised. The Messrs. Nicoll knew that Mr. Spackman, of Belfast, who introduced one of the machines into his establishment, was at first assaulted and placarded and his life placed in danger by his workmen, but they were also aware, that whereas the same person, previous to the introduction of the machine, bad only been able to employ 17 hands, he was now, after purchasing four more machines, enabled to give employment to about 150 hands. Balancing the chances of personal danger and unpopularity among the working classes, against the certain benefits derivable by the public and the operative from the uses of the machine, the Messrs. Nicoll decided for the adoption of my invention.

I will now proceed to describe the machine itself and the manner in which it works. It is composed of a flat iron surface, about 12 inches square, resting upon four legs of substantial make and form. From one side of this surface an arm rises erect to the height of about 10 inches and then passes over to the opposite side. From the extremity of the arm descends a moveable bar, to the bottom of which is fixed a needle, the eye being about half an inch from the point and on the top of the arm is fixed a reel or bobbin filled with silk or other thread. Fixed to a main shaft is a wheel turned by a handle, which also can be worked by a treadle, or steam-engine, that gives motion to a lever within the arse and which moves the vertical needle up and down. Beneath the visible surface, or base, is a second reel of thread supplying another needle, which, instead of being straight, is circular and works horizontally and, consequently, at right angles to its stitching companion, which descends from the arm. Supposing the thread to be passed through the eye of each needle and the apparatus set to work, the process is thus performed :

The vertical needle descends and passes through the two pieces of cloth to be united, carrying with it the thread to perhaps half an inch below the under side of the cloth; as the needle rises the thread is left behind in the form of a noose, or loop, through which the horizontal needle passes; the horizontal needle instantly reversing its motion, leaves a loop into which the vertical needle descends. Both needles thus progress, making a series of stitches, each stitch being quite fast, even should its neighbour be severed. More than 500 stitches can be made in this manner in one minute. The closeness and tightness of the threads are regulated by a screw and as each stitch is of equal tension a great advantage is secured in the regular appearance of the work. The length of the stitch, by turning a small nut, can be increased or diminished to any degree of fineness and perfect uniformity secured. The cloth to be worked upon is adjusted by an attendant, who with one hand turns the wheel and with the other guides the cloth forward after each stitch. Sometimes two hands are employed, a girl or boy, giving rotatory motion to the wheel, while the other attendant regulates the movement of the cloth. The operative by his actions can cause the sewing to be straight, angular or circular.  It will be obvious that upon the principle of sewing herein applied an infinite variety of work can be completed; from delicate cambric work to the sewing of the hempen cloth of which sails, sacks and bags are composed, everything is germane to the machine. In the operation of the tailor and the sempstress it is of the greatest importance. Trousers and shirts are made with extraordinary rapidity. It has been proved over and over again that, excepting  in the construction of the button- holes, a pair of trousers can be fashioned and stitched in less than an hour. What vast importance in the affairs of life is this economy of time ? A vessel in a gale of wind, or a sudden squall, has her sails rent and tattered The sail-makers' hands could not supply their places in many days. The machine refits the yards in a few hours. Thousands of bags are needed for erecting fortifications and batteries. The exigency of the service demands the instant raisin and equipment of a military force. The contractor for army clothing would require weeks for the production of a thousand of loosely manufactured suits. The machines could equip an army in a day or two. A person has a sudden occasion to leave England for India or Australia or China, within 24 hours. He needs an outfit of clothes; the machine promptly ministers to his requirements. The cases might  be multiplied a hundredfold and how many articles to which sewing is now a stranger, may be suggested by the appearance of a process of manufacture hitherto unknown, if not unimagined ?

Parva componere magnis. The railway has given an impetus to travelling, has created new towns and villages,  enlarged the demand for literature and excited new tastes and desires. In like manner the sewing machine may engender fresh fancies in personal decoration and, better than all, impart to the poor the means of obtaining necessary articles of clothing.

I have said that the general application of the sewing machine will not have any material influence on the immediate interest of the artisans , that is to say, to the extent of depriving them of the means of subsistence. The machines will, in the first place, require the assistance of one or two hands, thus converting the toilsome labourer into an operative, whose duties will be of an easy and by no means a health-destroying character. The vastly increased quantity of articles partially produced by augmented rapidity of stitch will create a demand for a greater number of hands in cutting and in finishing, for the machine can neither give a form to the cloth to be sewed, nor work button-boles, nor put on buttons. But, that one fact is worth a thousand conjectures, take the example offered by the very house mentioned by me as giving the earliest encouragement to this machine. They, I am informed, are accustomed to employ, in various ways, a number of operatives, usually exceeding 1.000 and not one has been discharged through the introduction of the machine, but many have been employed in a more profitable and healthy manner.

Some conversation ensued, in the course of which it was admitted that the machine was not as yet applicable to all kinds of work, that it could not do the coarsest kind of work with the same relative speed against the human worker as the finer descriptions, that considerable skill was required to manage it and that in some cases it would not even effect any saving. At the same time it was generally acknowledged to be very ingenious and destined to work a great revolution in the art of needlework.

The proceedings terminated by a vote of thanks to Mr. Judkin, who was present and showed how the machine worked for favouring the society with his paper. The meeting was not so numerously attended as we should have expected from the nature of the subject and we were rather surprised to observe that there were very few ladies present.

Morning Post - Friday 20 January 1854

Judkins' Offices:

35, Corporation Street, Manchester

2, Lawrence Lane, Cheapside, London

16, Royal Exchange Square, Glasgow

37, College Green, Dublin

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JUDKINS'  BANKRUPTCY 

London Gazette

Whereas a Petition for adjudication of Bankruptcy, was, on the 14th day of May, 1855, filed against William Harris Paul, late of No. 2, Lawrence Lane, Cheapside, in the city of London, Sack and Clothing Manufacturer and Dealer in American Sewing Machines, trading under the firm of A. P. Dresser and Company and now of No. 28, Cornhill, in the city of London, Share Dealer and he having been declared bankrupt, is hereby required to surrender himself to Edward Holroyd, Esq., one of Her Majesty's Commissioners of the Court of Bankruptcy, on the 29th day of May instant, at three o'clock in the afternoon precisely and on the 29th of June next, at eleven o'clock in the forenoon precisely, at the Court of Bankruptcy, in Basinghall Street, in the city of London and make a full discovery and disclosure of his estate and effects; when and where the creditors are to come prepared to prove their debts and at the first sitting to choose assignees and at the last sitting the said bankrupt is required to finish his examination. All persons indebted to the said bankrupt, or that have any of his effects, are not to pay or deliver the same but to Mr. Edward Watkin Edwards, No. 1, Sambrook-court, Basinghall Street, London, the Official Assignee in the matter of this Bankruptcy and give notice to Mr. William Henry Orchard, Solicitor, No. 3, Lyon's-inn, Strand, London.

May 15, 1855 

Whereas a Petition for adjudication of Bankruptcy was filed on the 13th day of June, 1855, in Her Majesty's Court of Bankruptcy, at Manchester, against Charles Tiot Judkins, of Manchester, in the county of Lancaster and of Cannon Street West, in the city of London, Sewing Machine Manufacturer, Dealer and Chapman and he being declared bankrupt is hereby required to surrender himself to one of Her Majesty's Commissioners of the Manchester District Court of Bankruptcy, on the 2nd day of July next and on the 1st day of August, at twelve o'clock at noun, on each of the said days, at the Manchester District Court of Bankruptcy, Manchester and make a full discovery and disclosure of his estate and effects; when and where the creditors are to come prepared to prove their debts and at the first sitting to choose assignees and at the last sitting the said bankrupt is required to finish his examination. All persons indebted to the said bankrupt, or that have any of his effects, are not to pay or deliver the ,same but to Mr. John Fraser, No. 46, George Street, Manchester, the Official Assignee, whom the Commissioner has appointed to receive the same and give notice to Messrs. Cooper and Sons, 44, Pall Mall, Manchester.

June 19, 1855

Judkins' Offices:

35, Corporation Street, Manchester

2, Lawrence Lane, Cheapside, London

16, Royal Exchange Square, Glasgow

37, College Green, Dublin

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JUDKINS' SEWING MACHINES PATENTS

FOR SALE IN January 15, 1856

14.256       Edward Joseph Hughes

Machinery for stitching, either plain or ornamentally.

                                                                                         August 10, 1852

413   Charles Tiot Judkins

Improvements or apparatus for sewing or stitching.

                                                                                       October  16, 1852

2.473         Edward Joseph Hughes 

Improvements in machinery or apparatus for sewing or stitching.

Letters Patent sealed.                                                         October 26 , 1853

2.996         Edward Joseph Hughes 

Improvements in sewing machines. 

                                                                                    December 27, 1853

1.431          Edward Joseph Hughes,

Improvements in sewing machines.

                                                                                             June 30, 1854

ALL JUDKINS' PATENTS FOR SALE BY PUBLIC AUCTION

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1.760  Charles Tiot Judkins, of 98, Fleet Street, London, Middlesex and 35, Corporation Street, Manchester, Merchant, for an invention for, an improved gas regulator.

Letters Patent sealed.                                                               July 24, 1856

Judkins' Offices:

33-35, Corporation Street, Manchester

98, Fleet Street, London

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THOMAS  V.  REYNOLDS

Saturday 27 June, 1857

After W. F. Thomas had a favourable verdict against Reynolds & Co. for patent rights infringement, from June 29, 1857, they decided that proceedings will be taken against all persons who may be found in this way invading their patent rights. Our friend Judkins will be the next victim shortely.

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A patent was granted to Charles Tiot Judkins, on the 24th of August 1859, for a machine in which the shuttle is dispensed with for carrying the under thread and, in lieu thereof, a covered reel or stationary bobbin is used, containing the reel on which the thread is wound. The slack is taken up by means of a lever worked by a cam or other convenient known means. A hook revolves or reciprocates horizontally round the stationary bobbin and catches the needle thread, which is thereby interlocked with the under thread, producing a knot stitch having' the same appearance on both sides of the work. The general arrangement of the thread case and rotating hook is very similar to the previously patented arrangement of Mr. Hazeltine, noticed by us in our article of last month.

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GB 144                               Charles Tiot  Judkins

Sewing Machine

of No. 22, Ludgate Street, in the city of London, Sewing Machine Manufacturer, for an invention of improvements in sewing machine.

January 17, 1865

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THE MILLINER AND DRESSMAKER AND

WAREHOUSEMAN'S GAZETTE AND

ILLUSTRATED JOURNAL OF THE NEW MODES, THE COMING FASHIONS, AND LATEST NOVELTIES, FOR WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DRAPERS AND MANUFACTURERS IN TOWN AND COUNTRY.

 APRIL, 1870 

INDEX TO ADVERTISEMENTS

Judkins, domestic and hand Sewing Machines  

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